General Astronomy - Spring 2013
Homework #12 - due April 24



1. (3 pt) When the Universe was 0.1 seconds old, there were no protons.  Explain why.

2.
(3 pt) How were the photons in cosmic microwave background produced?

3.
(4 pt) There is a 500 pc long ruler located 1 Gpc from Earth.  You measure the angular size of the ruler to be 0.15 arcseconds.  What does that imply about the geometry of the Universe?

4.
(3 pt) How can dark energy be distinguished from normal matter and energy?